NEW FBI DATA: Americans 50+ lost $11.3 billion to fraud in 2025 — a record high — see the full report →
The Scam Encyclopedia

Scams Targeting
Americans 50+ — Exposed

Complete profiles of the scams causing the most damage: how they work, the exact scripts scammers use, the warning signs, and what to do if you're targeted. All sourced from FBI IC3, FTC, and AARP data.

📅 Updated June 2026
🏛️ FBI · FTC · AARP · NCOA
Already Targeted? Act Now →
2025 Elder Fraud — Key Numbers
Total losses (50+)$11.3 Billion
Year-over-year change+59%
Victims losing $100K+12,400+
Top loss categoryInvestment Fraud
Fastest growing typeAI / Deepfake
Most common methodPhone call
SourceFBI IC3 2025 Report
⚠ #1 Loss Category — 2025

Investment & Cryptocurrency Fraud

Fake advisors — often met first on social media or dating apps — convince seniors to move retirement savings into fraudulent crypto platforms that show realistic fake gains before vanishing entirely. This single scam type cost Americans 60+ an estimated $4.43 billion in 2025 alone.

$4.43BLost by 60+ in 2025
(FBI IC3)
+25%Increase from
2024
$62KAvg. loss per
crypto victim
📱
Phishing & Text Scams · Most Common Contact Method
Phishing & Text Message Scams (Smishing)
⚠ Critical

Fake texts and emails that look like they're from USPS, a toll agency, your bank, Amazon, or Apple — each with an urgent link to a counterfeit site built to steal your information. The fastest-growing way scams reach people today.

Top Warning Signs
Unexpected text or email with a link and urgent deadline
Claims of an undeliverable package, unpaid toll, or account problem
Link goes to a lookalike address, not the company's real site
2024 text-scam losses (FTC): $470 Million
See Examples →
💻
Technology Fraud
Tech Support Scams
⚠ Critical

Fake Microsoft or Apple alerts claim your computer is infected. "Technicians" gain remote access, then enter your financial accounts directly.

Top Warning Signs
Pop-up warning with a phone number to call
Request for remote access to your device
Demands gift card payment for "repairs"
2025 losses (60+): $1.04 Billion
Full Guide →
🏛️
Impersonation · #1 Tax-Season Threat
IRS & Government Impersonation
⚠ Critical

Callers posing as IRS, Social Security, or Medicare threaten arrest, deportation, or benefit suspension unless you pay immediately in gift cards or crypto.

Top Warning Signs
Threat of immediate arrest or legal action
Demands payment in gift cards or wire transfer
Caller ID shows an official government number
2025 losses (60+): $413 Million
Full Guide →
❤️
Relationship Fraud
Romance Scams
⚠ Critical

Fake profiles on dating sites and Facebook build genuine relationships over weeks, then manufacture a financial crisis that requires your help — and your money.

Top Warning Signs
Profile seems too perfect; always has an excuse not to meet
Relationship moves very fast; deep affection very early
First money request comes after weeks of relationship
2025 losses (60+): $584 Million
Full Guide →
🤖
AI-Powered Fraud · Fast-Growing
Grandparent Scam (AI Voice Cloning)
🆕 Emerging

Using AI to clone grandchildren's voices from social media, scammers call grandparents claiming emergencies — bail, accidents, hospitals — and demand immediate wire transfers before you can verify.

Top Warning Signs
Unexpected "grandchild" call with urgent crisis
"Don't tell anyone — especially not Mom and Dad"
Requests wire transfer or cash sent via courier
Avg. loss per victim: ~$22,000
Full Guide →
🏥
Healthcare Fraud · Evergreen
Medicare & Health Insurance Fraud
High Risk

Free equipment offers, fake Medicare representatives, and billing scams steal your Medicare number and use it to bill the system for services never rendered.

Top Warning Signs
Unsolicited offer of free medical equipment or screenings
Request for your Medicare number "to verify benefits"
Calls spike near Medicare open enrollment (Oct–Dec)
Annual system-wide fraud: ~$60 Billion
Full Guide →
🪪
Identity Crime · #1 AARP Complaint
Identity Theft
⚠ Critical

Thieves steal Social Security numbers to open credit cards, file fraudulent tax returns, access retirement accounts, and sell data on the dark web — often undetected for months.

Top Warning Signs
Unexpected bills, debt collection calls, or credit denials
Unfamiliar accounts on your credit report
IRS notice about a duplicate tax return in your name
Status: #1 complaint 3 years running
Full Guide →

How to Spot Almost Any Scam

The scams above look different on the surface — a phone call, a text about a package, a new online romance, a "frozen" Social Security number — but they share a single playbook. Recognize the pattern and you can spot a scam you've never seen before. Almost every one combines four things: urgency (you must act right now), a trusted name (a government agency, your bank, a delivery service, a relative), fear or secrecy (a threat, or "don't tell anyone"), and a push toward hard-to-trace payment — gift cards, wire transfers, cryptocurrency, or a payment app like Zelle or Venmo.

Real companies and government agencies don't operate this way. They won't demand instant payment in gift cards, threaten your arrest, or ask you to "verify" your account through a link in an unexpected message. When something feels urgent, that's the moment to slow down and verify independently: look up the organization's real phone number or website yourself instead of using the contact details you were given. If you're not sure about a specific message or call, our "Is This a Scam?" answers walk through the most common ones. If you think you've already been caught, go straight to what to do if you've been scammed and how to report it.

Common Questions About Scams

What are the most common scams targeting older adults? +
The scams that cause the most harm to Americans 50+ are investment and cryptocurrency fraud, government impersonation (IRS, Social Security, Medicare), tech support scams, romance scams, the grandparent / AI voice-cloning scam, Medicare and health insurance fraud, identity theft, and phishing or text-message (smishing) scams such as fake USPS, toll, and bank texts. They differ in the story they tell, but nearly all rely on the same playbook: urgency, a trusted name, secrecy, and a request to pay or share information through untraceable channels.
What is a phishing scam, and what is smishing? +
Phishing is when a scammer poses as a trusted company or agency to trick you into clicking a link and entering personal or financial information on a fake website. Smishing is phishing delivered by SMS text message (the word combines "SMS" and "phishing"). Common examples are fake texts about a USPS package that can't be delivered, an unpaid toll, a bank account problem, or an Amazon charge. The rule of thumb: don't click links in unexpected messages — go to the company's real website yourself.
What does "Scam Likely" mean on my phone? +
"Scam Likely" is a label your phone carrier adds to an incoming call when its systems flag the number as a probable spam or scam call. It's a warning, not a guarantee, but calls marked this way are best ignored — let them go to voicemail. You can also turn on your carrier's free call-screening tool to block or filter these calls automatically.
Are Zelle, Venmo, Cash App, and PayPal scams common? +
Yes. Scammers favor peer-to-peer payment apps because the money moves instantly and is very hard to get back — much like cash. Common tricks include posing as your bank's "fraud department" and telling you to "send the money to yourself" to reverse a charge, fake payment confirmations, and accidental-payment refund scams. Only send money through these apps to people you know and trust, and never because someone who contacted you unexpectedly told you to.
How can I tell if a call, message, or website is a scam? +
Watch for the common signals: pressure to act immediately, a threat (arrest, account suspension, lost benefits), secrecy ("don't tell anyone"), and a request to pay by gift card, wire transfer, cryptocurrency, or a payment app. Real companies and agencies don't work that way. When in doubt, stop and verify independently — look up the organization's official number or website yourself rather than using the contact details in the message.
What should I do if I've already been scammed? +
Act quickly: contact your bank or card issuer to stop or reverse payments, change passwords on any affected accounts, and consider a free credit freeze with the three credit bureaus. Report it to the FTC at ReportFraud.ftc.gov and, if you lost money, to the FBI at IC3.gov. Our step-by-step recovery guide walks through exactly what to do, in order.